Attacks on economic migrants to South Africa have lead the Nigerian government to threaten "definitive" action to protect Nigerian citizens that have migrated to South Africa (archived). South African Foreign Affairs Minister Naledi Pandor cited the existence of Afrophobia as a problem which ought to be addressed as South Africa closed their embassy in Nigeria due to retaliatory violence (archived). South African has a population of 55 million with an official near 29 percent unemployment rate. Nigeria has a population of nearly 190 million and reported an official unemployment rate of 23.1 for 2018.